Ngokuphathelele imbali kunye nenkqubo yophuhliso lweepayipi zeHDPE
Umbhobho we-HDPE (umbhobho we-polyethylene oxineneyo) njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yezixhobo zanamhlanje Umbhobho weplastiki, imbali yophuhliso lwayo inokwahlulwahlulwa ibe ngamanqanaba aphambili alandelayo, kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji, ukwandiswa kwesicelo kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wokukhuthaza ikama epheleleyo:
Okokuqala, imvelaphi yetekhnoloji kunye nophuhliso lwasekuqaleni (1950-1980)
Ukuzalwa kwezinto kunye nokusetyenziswa kokuqala
Izixhobo zeHDPE zaqalwa ukuphuhliswa yi-US Phillips Petroleum Company ngo-1956, kodwa ngenxa yemida yetekhnoloji yokucubungula iplastiki ngelo xesha, inkqubela phambili yokusetyenziswa kwazo yayicotha. Kwakungekho kude kube ngeminyaka yoo-1960 aphoI-T Hdpe i-resin yakhula kancinci kancinci yaza yasetyenziswa ekwenzeni imibhobho.
Isizukulwana sokuqala seepayipi zeHDPE: zisekelwe kwi-polyethylene enoxinano oluphantsi (LDPE), kunye nokusebenza okulinganiselweyo, kuphela kwiipayipi ezinoxinzelelo oluphantsi, ezinobubanzi obuncinci, ezifana nokuhanjiswa kwegesi kwangoko kunye nokukhupha amanzi kwimizi-mveliso.
Intshayelelo yasekhaya kunye nendawo
Uphuhliso lweepayipi zeHDPE eTshayina lwaqala ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1980, kwaye lwenziwa kwindawo ethile ngokwaziswa kwetekhnoloji yaseJamani. Ekuqaleni, yayisetyenziswa kakhulu kwicandelo le-petrochemical, elinesabelo esiphantsi semarike. Ngeli xesha, imveliso yasekhaya ixhomekeke kwizixhobo ezingeniswa kwamanye amazwe, ukusebenza kwemveliso kunye nemigangatho yobugcisa kunye nomsantsa wamazwe ngamazwe.
II. Ukuphuculwa kobuchwepheshe kunye nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha (kwiminyaka yoo-1990 ukuya ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-2000)
Ukuphuculwa kokusebenza kwe-resin
Izinto ze-PE80: Kwiminyaka yoo-1990, umxholo we-monomer e-copolymerized wanda, kwaye ipropathi yokulwa nokuqhekeka kwezinto yandiswa ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zepayipi yoxinzelelo oluphakathi, kwaye indawo yokufaka isicelo yandiswa ukuya kubonelelo lwamanzi kunye nokutsalwa kwamanzi ezidolophini.
Izinto zePe100: ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1980, uSolvay waseBelgium wazisa i-PE100 resin enokusasazwa kobunzima beemolekyuli ezimbini, nto leyo eyaphucula kakhulu ukumelana nokuqhekeka kunye nokumelana noxinzelelo, nto leyo eyavumela imibhobho ye-HDPE ukuba isetyenziswe kwiimeko ezinkulu, ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu (umz., ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi kunye negesi kumgama omde), kwaye yakhuthaza ishishini ukuba lingene kwinqanaba elitsha.
Ukulungiswa kwenkqubo yemveliso
Amashishini asekhaya afezekise ukuveliswa okukhulu kwee-resin ze-HDPE ezine-bimodal ngokwazisa iinkqubo eziphambili zamazwe ngamazwe (umz., indlela ye-slurry, indlela ye-gas phase) ezivela kwi-Hostalen, i-Borstar, njl.njl., kwaye ukusebenza kweemveliso kufikelele kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe. Umzekelo, i-YGH041T ye-Shanghai Petrochemical kunye ne-TUB121N3000B ye-Dushanzi Petrochemical zibandakanyiwe kuluhlu lweemveliso eziqinisekisiweyo ze-Global PE100+ Alliance.
III. Ukwandiswa kwezicelo kunye nokuqhuma kweMarike (Ukususela kwinkulungwane yama-21)
Umgaqo-nkqubo kunye neemfuno eziqhutywa
Ngexesha leSicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu seshumi elinanye saseTshayina kunye neSicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu seshumi elinesibini, ukwakhiwa kweziseko zophuhliso kwakhawuleza, kwaye imibhobho ye-HDPE yathatha indawo yemibhobho yentsimbi yendabuko kunye nemibhobho yesinyithi ngenxa yeenzuzo zayo zokumelana nokugqwala, ubunzima obulula, kunye nobomi obude benkonzo, kwaye yaba yimibhobho ephambili yobunjineli bukamasipala, ukunkcenkceshela kwezolimo, kunye neeprojekthi zokukhusela okusingqongileyo.
Ikhuthazwa ngumgaqo-nkqubo wesizwe wokukhuselwa kwendalo, umbhobho we-HDPE ubandakanyiwe kwikhathalogu yokukhuthaza izixhobo zokwakha eziluhlaza ngenxa yeempawu zawo ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe kwaye zingangcolisi.
Ukungena kwiindawo ezininzi
Ubunjineli bukamasipala: busetyenziswa kakhulu ekunikezelweni kwamanzi, ekutsaleni amanzi, kuthungelwano lwemibhobho yegesi, ingakumbi kwindawo ethambileyo, ulwakhiwo lwayo oluguquguqukayo ukuze lulungele ingxaki yokuhlala.
Imizi-mveliso kunye nezolimo: isetyenziswa kwiindlela zokuthutha ezisetyenziswa ngamakhemikhali, inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela umhlaba wamafama, ithatha indawo yombhobho wePVC wendabuko.
Amasimi asakhulayo: njengokubuyiselwa kwendalo, ukwakhiwa kwesixeko esikrelekrele, izinzwa ezidityanisiweyo zepayipi ye-HDPE ukuze kufezekiswe ukubekwa esweni okukrelekrele.
IV. Iindlela zexesha elizayo kunye neMida yeTekhnoloji (Umva ka-2025)
Uphando nophuhliso lwezixhobo ezisebenza kakuhle
I-PE112, i-PE125 kunye nezinye izinto ezinamandla aphezulu zithengiswa kancinci kancinci ukuze konyuswe ukumelana noxinzelelo ngokusebenzisa ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo seemolekyuli, ukunciphisa ubukhulu bodonga lwepayipi kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto.
Ubukrelekrele kwaye Buluhlaza
Umbhobho we-Intelligent HDPE udibanisa izinzwa ukuze kufezekiswe ukubekwa esweni nokugcinwa kude, nto leyo ehambelana neemfuno zezixeko ezikrelekrele.
I-HDPE ebolayo, izinto eziguqulweyo kunye nezinye iiteknoloji ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo zingene kwinqanaba lovavanyo, zikhuthaza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lweli shishini.
Ukwenziwa kwamazwe ngamazwe
Phantsi kwephulo elithi “Belt and Road”, amashishini eepayipi zeHDPE zaseTshayina akhawulezise ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ingakumbi kuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia, eAfrika nakwezinye iindawo ezifuna kakhulu iziseko zophuhliso, isabelo semarike siyaqhubeka nokukhula.
Shwankathela
Imbali yophuhliso lombhobho we-HDPE ibonisa uthotho olupheleleyo ukusuka kwinkqubela phambili yesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo ukuya kwizicelo zoshishino. Ukuhlaziywa kwayo kwetekhnoloji (njengezinto ze-PE100), inkxaso yemigaqo-nkqubo (njengeziseko eziluhlaza) kunye nemfuno yemarike (njengokukhula kwezixeko) kunye nokuqhuba ukukhula kweshishini. Kwixesha elizayo, ngokudityaniswa kobuchule bezinto ezibonakalayo kunye netekhnoloji ekrelekrele, imibhobho ye-HDPE iya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kuluhlu olubanzi lwamacandelo.
